考研英语中的助动词主要分为以下几类,结合权威资料整理如下:
一、基本助动词(三个)
be动词 表示状态或存在(如:The cat is sleeping.)
do/has动词
表示行为(如:I have a book.)
have to
表示必须(如:I have to finish my homework.)
二、情态助动词(13个)
will/would
表示将来或意愿(如:I will call you tomorrow.)
shall
表示义务或建议(如:She shall attend the meeting.)
should
表示责任或建议(如:You should study more.)
can/could
表示能力或可能性(如:He can swim.)
may/might
表示许可或可能性(如:May I leave early?)
must
表示必须(如:You must finish the task.)
need
表示需要(如:I need a pen.)
dare
表示勇气(如:He dares to speak up.)
ought to
表示义务(如:You ought to apologize.)
used to
表示过去习惯(如:I used to play football.)
had better
表示建议(如:He had better hurry.)
三、半助动词(9个)
be about to
表示即将(如:The meeting is about to start.)
be due to
表示原因(如:The project is delayed due to weather.)
be going to
表示计划(如:We are going to travel next week.)
be likely to
表示可能性(如:It is likely to rain tomorrow.)
be meant to
表示目的(如:This gift is meant to you.)
be supposed to
表示义务(如:Students are supposed to attend classes.)
be willing to
表示意愿(如:She is willing to help.)
be obliged to
表示义务(如:He is obliged to return the book.)
be supposed to
表示预期(如:The meeting is supposed to start at 9 AM.)
四、特殊说明
do/does/did: 在完成时态和被动语态中作辅助 have to
建议考生结合真题和语法笔记系统学习,注意区分情态动词后接动词原形与主动词+to的不定式结构。