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考研助动词有哪些

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考研英语中的助动词主要分为以下几类,结合权威资料整理如下:

一、基本助动词(三个)

be动词

表示状态或存在(如:The cat is sleeping.)

do/has动词

表示行为(如:I have a book.)

have to

表示必须(如:I have to finish my homework.)

二、情态助动词(13个)

will/would

表示将来或意愿(如:I will call you tomorrow.)

shall

表示义务或建议(如:She shall attend the meeting.)

should

表示责任或建议(如:You should study more.)

can/could

表示能力或可能性(如:He can swim.)

may/might

表示许可或可能性(如:May I leave early?)

must

表示必须(如:You must finish the task.)

need

表示需要(如:I need a pen.)

dare

表示勇气(如:He dares to speak up.)

ought to

表示义务(如:You ought to apologize.)

used to

表示过去习惯(如:I used to play football.)

had better

表示建议(如:He had better hurry.)

三、半助动词(9个)

be about to

表示即将(如:The meeting is about to start.)

be due to

表示原因(如:The project is delayed due to weather.)

be going to

表示计划(如:We are going to travel next week.)

be likely to

表示可能性(如:It is likely to rain tomorrow.)

be meant to

表示目的(如:This gift is meant to you.)

be supposed to

表示义务(如:Students are supposed to attend classes.)

be willing to

表示意愿(如:She is willing to help.)

be obliged to

表示义务(如:He is obliged to return the book.)

be supposed to

表示预期(如:The meeting is supposed to start at 9 AM.)

四、特殊说明

do/does/did:

在完成时态和被动语态中作辅助

have to:虽被部分归类为基本助动词,但常与情态助动词结合使用

建议考生结合真题和语法笔记系统学习,注意区分情态动词后接动词原形与主动词+to的不定式结构。