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考研阅读长难句怎么分析

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考研英语阅读中的长难句分析需要通过系统的方法拆解句子结构,以下是具体步骤和技巧:

一、基础拆解方法

抓取主干结构

通过识别主语、谓语和宾语,确定句子的核心框架。例如:

*“The American economy is organized around a market-oriented economy.”*

主干为:

*The American economy is organized*(主句)

*around a market-oriented economy*(介词短语作后置定语)

识别修饰成分

包括定语从句、状语从句、分词短语等。例如:

*“carrying the fragile X mutation”* 是后置定语,修饰 *donor sperm*

二、进阶分析技巧

分层解析

第一层:

主句 + 从句(如宾语从句、定语从句)

第二层:从句内部的分词短语/独立主格结构

第三层:插入语、状语等补充说明

关键连接词识别

通过 *and*, *but*, *although* 等词判断句子逻辑关系,例如:

*“Nobody would deny that... but...”* 中 *but* 引导转折

拆分长句

将复杂句子拆分为短句,逐步理解。例如:

*“Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor”* 可拆分为:

*“Dressed up as Father Christmas”*(主谓结构)

*“accompanied by a guard of honor”*(后置定语)

三、实战应用示例

以 *“The American economy is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.”* 为例:

主干:

*is organized*(主句)

*around a market-oriented economy*(介词短语作后置定语)

插入语

*“basically private-enterprise,”* *in which*(可暂时忽略)

定语从句

*that consumers largely determine what shall be produced*(修饰 *a market-oriented economy*)

分词短语

*carrying the fragile X mutation*(修饰 *donor sperm*)

四、注意事项

忽略插入语:

理解主句意思后再分析补充成分

划出引导词:如 *that*, *which*, *while* 等

查生词:通过上下文猜测词义

对比翻译:初步翻译后对照官方译文

通过以上方法,可系统化分析长难句,提升阅读理解能力。建议结合真题演练,逐步掌握复杂句式结构。