在考研英语二大作文中描述图表时，需掌握以下要点和技巧：

一、图表类型与表达

柱状图：

使用 `bar chart`（单柱）或 `column chart`（多柱）

折线图：

使用 `line chart` 或 `curve chart`

饼图：

使用 `pie chart` 或 `pie graph`

表格：

使用 `table`

注意：图表类型需与标题保持一致，无需重复完整英文表达（如 `bar graph` 可简化为 `bar chart`）。

二、描述结构与要点

第一段：整体描述

- 简洁概括图表主题，例如：

*The bar chart illustrates the different ways residents in a certain city exercise.*

- 关键词：`allows us a holistic view of`（用于柱状图），`reveals`（通用表达）

第二段：细节描述

- 选取2-3个关键数据点进行描述，例如：

*People opting for running accounted for 30% of the total exercise methods, while cycling and swimming combined made up 25%.*

- 使用比较级和最高级：

*Management positions are predominantly held by men （60%）, with women in only 40%.*

变化趋势说明

- 折线图需突出趋势：

*The population growth rate doubled from 1800 to 2000, but wildlife extinction rates increased fivefold during the same period.*

- 曲线图可用 `as is shown in the two curve charts` 引导：

*As the U.S. population increases rapidly, the number of extinct wildlife species goes up sharply.*

三、写作技巧

避免冗长：

每段控制在3-4句话，避免堆砌细节

使用连接词：

- 对比：`In contrast, cycling accounted for 25% instead of running's 30%.*`

- 转折：`However, despite the increase in exercise adoption, obesity rates remain high.*`

数据表述：

- 用具体数字增强说服力：

*In 2020, renewable energy sources accounted for 15% of the total energy consumption, up from 5% in 2015.*

- 注意百分比表达：

*China spends the largest portion of its foreign trade with the United States （30%）, followed by Japan （25%）.*

四、示例参考

柱状图示例：

*Management positions are predominantly held by men （60%）, with women in only 40%.*

折线图示例：

*The population growth rate doubled from 1800 to 2000, but wildlife extinction rates increased fivefold during the same period.*

饼图示例：

*Fruits constitute 40% of the total food expenditure, while vegetables and proteins make up 30% and 20% respectively.*

通过规范使用图表类型、精准描述数据变化及合理运用连接词，可提升作文的逻辑性和表达的准确性。建议结合真题进行练习，注意语言简洁性和词汇多样性。