“by”在英语中是一个多功能的介词，其用法多样，具体如下：
被；由
The feast was served by his mother and sisters.
The child was saved by a PLA man.
He was praised by the teacher.
表明作者或创作者
A painting by Van Gogh.
This book is written by Jack.
A collection of piano pieces by Mozart.
表示方式、方法、手段等
We'll be travelling by car.
They spoke by phone.
He achieved success by hard work.
表示时间
By the time we arrive, the meeting will have started.
By 2025, scientists hope to find a cure.
表示地点
By the river, there is a small village.
She left her keys by the door.
表示被动语态
The book was written by a famous author.
The house was built by a skilled carpenter.
表示“在……旁边”
Our office is just by the highway.
There is a small café by the lake.
表示“通过……方式/方法”
They learned English by listening to podcasts.
He traveled to Japan by ship.
表示“相差的额度，差额”
The difference is only by a few dollars.
其他用法
By-product（副产品）
Byroad（辅路）
Byway（小道）
bygone（过时的）
bypass（旁路）
By work（副业）
根据具体的语境和句子结构，选择合适的“by”用法可以使句子更加准确和生动。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。
